{"title":"Roman, Celtic \u0026 Greek shields","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScutum (Roman Shield)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe scutum was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, and then by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC. Originally it was an oblong and convex shield. By the first century BC it had developed into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical shield that is popularly associated with the scutum in modern times. This was not the only shield the Romans used; Roman shields were of varying types depending on the role of the soldier who carried it. Oval, circular and rectangular shields were used throughout Roman history. By the end of the 3rd century the rectangular scutum seems to have disappeared. Fourth century archaeological finds (especially from the fortress of Dura-Europos) indicate the subsequent use of oval or round shields which were not semi-cylindrical but were either dished (bowl-shaped) or flat. Roman artwork from the end of the 3rd century until the end of Antiquity show soldiers wielding oval or round shields. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/dura_europos_240x240.gif?v=1557653625\" alt=\"Scutum Dura Europos\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParma or Parmula (Roman Shield)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA parma or parmula (the diminutive of parma) was a type of round shield used by the Roman army, especially during the later period of imperial history since 3rd century. The parma was used by legionnaires in the early republican period of Rome's history, by the lowest class division of the army— the velites.\u003cbr\u003eThe parmula was the shield used by thraex gladiators. It was also used by the Roman vexillifers or flag bearers that carried the standard that marked the cohort, as well as by most early auxiliaries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/3ct_240x240.gif?v=1557656322\" alt=\"Shield 3rd Century\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAspis (Greek Hoplite Shield)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn aspis, sometimes also referred to as a hoplon, was the heavy wooden shield used by the infantry in various periods of ancient Greece.\u003cbr\u003eAn aspis was deeply dished and made primarily of wood. Some had a thin sheet of bronze on the outer face, often just around the rim. In some periods, the convention was to decorate the shield; in others, it was usually left plain. Probably the most famous aspis decoration is that of Sparta: a capital lambda (Λ), for Lacedaemon its alternative name.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/aspis_240x240.gif?v=1557656774\" alt=\"Aspis, Hoplite Shield\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClipeus (Greek shield)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the military of classical antiquity, a clipeus (Ancient Greek: ἀσπίς) was a large shield worn by the Greek hoplites and Romans as a piece of defensive armor, which they carried upon the arm, to secure them from the blows of their enemies. It was round in shape and in the middle was a bolt of iron, or of some other metal, with a sharp point. Clipeus was used by Romans during Roman Kingdom and early Republic but was replaced by legionary scutum, a convex rectangular shield in later Roman Republic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/clipeus_240x240.gif?v=1557652972\" alt=\"Clipeus of Iupiter-Ammon\" style=\"margin: 0pxpx 0pxpx 0pxpx 0pxpx; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"authentic-replica-roman-scutum-shield-dura-europos","title":"Authentic replica - Scutum \"Dura Europos\" (Roman shield)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flussfett\"\u003eAntique Roman Shield replica (\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eScutum \"Dura Europos\"\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis scutum follows a late roman original found in the Roman Dura-Europos (Eastern Syria) fortress from the 3rd century. The dry desert climate of this region has preserved some painted roman shields very effectively.\u003cbr\u003eThis replica is made from plywood, covered in linen. It is handmade and hand-pained. The shield and boss are not assembled upon delivery. There are 4 screws with brass end covers included for easy self-assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\" style=\"color: #999999;\"\u003e19 % VAT plus. excl. Shipping costs\u003cbr\u003eNo VAT outside of the EU\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bildfett\"\u003eDetails\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eMaterial: \u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e1 cm plywood, linen, brass\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinish: Handpainted\u003cbr\u003eBoss (Umbo): Polished brass\u003cbr\u003eHandle: Wood\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eHeigth: Approx. 108 cm (42,5\")\u003cbr\u003e Width: Approx. 72 cm (24,6 cm)\u003cbr\u003e Weight: Approx. 5,3 kg (28,3 lb)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeepeeka (India)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/depeeka_compact.gif?v=1557162664\" alt=\"Deepeeka\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Battle Merchant","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":28202325082189,"sku":"WS-1116671801","price":227.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/products\/WS-1116671801_01.jpg?v=1557663222"},{"product_id":"authentic-replica-republican-scutum-roman-shield","title":"Authentic replica - Republican Scutum (Roman shield)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flussfett\"\u003eAntique Roman legionary shield replica (Republican \u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eScutum\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis authentic Republican scutum is shipped in two parts, which are easily assembled with screws (included). The original was found near Mainz, Germany.\u003cbr\u003eThis replica is made from plywood, covered in linen. It is handmade and hand-pained. The shield and boss are not assembled upon delivery. There are 8 screws with end covers included for easy self-assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\" style=\"color: #999999;\"\u003e19 % VAT plus. excl. Shipping costs\u003cbr\u003eNo VAT outside of the EU\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bildfett\"\u003eDetails\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eMaterial: \u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e1 cm plywood, linen, brass\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinish: Handpainted\u003cbr\u003eBoss (Umbo): Polished steel\u003cbr\u003eHandle: Wood\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eHeigth: Approx. 126 cm (49,6\")\u003cbr\u003e Width: Approx. 88 cm (34,65\")\u003cbr\u003e Weight: Approx. 8,5 kg (11,46 lb)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeepeeka (India)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/depeeka_compact.gif?v=1557162664\" alt=\"Deepeeka\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Battle Merchant","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":28202487021645,"sku":"WS-1116387700","price":229.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/products\/WS-1116387700_01.jpg?v=1557665292"},{"product_id":"authentic-replica-auxiliary-parma-round-roman-shield","title":"Authentic replica - Auxiliary Parma (round Roman shield)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flussfett\"\u003eAntique Roman legionary shield replica (\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eScutum with steel Umbo\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Parma is a roman round shield, which was used by the auxiliary forces. This shield version is, in contrast to the Scutum, not arched but flat and of round or oval shape. The Parma was also worn by standard-bearers and musicians.\u003cbr\u003eOur replica is made of plywood, approx. 1cm thick, and has a shield boss fromm brass. This must be attached by the customer with the included ornamental screws.\u003cbr\u003eIn the region of the shield boss, the shield has a circular recess, a wooden handle is attached to the back in full width. Our Parma is artfully painted on the front. \u003cbr\u003eThis replica is made from plywood, covered in linen. It is handmade and hand-pained. The shield and boss are not assembled upon delivery. There are 4 screws with brass end covers included for easy self-assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\" style=\"color: #999999;\"\u003e19 % VAT plus. excl. Shipping costs\u003cbr\u003eNo VAT outside of the EU\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bildfett\"\u003eDetails\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eMaterial: \u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e1 cm plywood, linen, 1 mm brass\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinish: Handpainted\u003cbr\u003eBoss (Umbo): Polished steel\u003cbr\u003eHandle: Wood\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eDiameter: Approx. 62 cm (24,4\")\u003cbr\u003e Weight: Approx. 2,5 kg (5,5 lb)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeepeeka (India)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/depeeka_compact.gif?v=1557162664\" alt=\"Deepeeka\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Battle Merchant","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":28202694836301,"sku":"WS-1180000010","price":89.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/products\/WS-1180000010_01_9b6b56e6-3312-45a2-8b57-1429003e9bbc.jpg?v=1557684988"},{"product_id":"authentic-replica-spartan-lambda-aspis-greek-hoplite-shield","title":"Authentic replica - Spartan Lambda Aspis (Greek Hoplite shield)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flussfett\"\u003eAntique Greek shield replica (\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eAspis with Lacedaemon-Lambda\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eReplica of a Hoplite shield from ancient Sparta.\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe shieldis made out of curved plywood, covered with canvas and hand-paintedwith a red Lambda sign on a golden ground.\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eOn the back is a leather handle with a rope.\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff2a00;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImportant:\u003c\/strong\u003e Due to incredible costs we can not ship this item to the United States, Canada or somewhere else outside of continental Europe.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" style=\"color: #999999;\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e19 % VAT plus. excl. shipping costs\u003cbr\u003eNo VAT outside of the EU\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bildfett\"\u003eDetails\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eMaterial: \u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e11 mm plywood, linen, leather\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinish: Handpainted\u003cbr\u003eHandle: Wood, rope\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eDiameter: Approx. 97 cm (38,2\")\u003cbr\u003e Weight: Approx. 6 kg (13,2 lb)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeepeeka (India)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/depeeka_compact.gif?v=1557162664\" alt=\"Deepeeka\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Battle Merchant","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":28203518394445,"sku":"WS-1123015950","price":189.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/products\/WS-1123015950_01.jpg?v=1557686386"},{"product_id":"authentic-replica-scutum-107-with-steel-umbo-roman-shield","title":"Authentic replica - Scutum 42\" with steel Umbo (Roman shield)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flussfett\"\u003eAntique Roman legionary shield replica (\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eScutum with steel Umbo\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReconstruction of a typical Shield of the Roman legionaire,\u003cbr\u003emade of wood with a brass edging and fixed steel umbo (boss). The front is covered by hand-painted linen. The back side is reinforced with narrow wooden slats.\u003cbr\u003eThere is a handle for carrying inside the boss. A perfect shield for Roman military reenactment. \u003cbr\u003eThis replica is made from plywood, covered in linen. It is handmade and hand-pained. The shield and boss are not assembled upon delivery. There are 8 screws with end covers included for easy self-assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff2a00;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImportant:\u003c\/strong\u003e Due to incredible costs we can not ship this item to the United States, Canada or somewhere else outside of continental Europe.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" style=\"color: #999999;\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e19 % VAT plus. excl. Shipping costs\u003cbr\u003eNo VAT outside of the EU\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bildfett\"\u003eDetails\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eMaterial: \u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e1 cm plywood, linen, brass\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinish: Handpainted\u003cbr\u003eBoss (Umbo): Polished steel\u003cbr\u003eHandle: Wood\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eHeigth: Approx. 107 cm (42,1\")\u003cbr\u003e Width: Approx. 60 cm (23,6\")\u003cbr\u003eBending radius: Approx. 24 cm (9,45\")\u003cbr\u003e Weight: Approx. 5,2 kg (11,46 lb)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeepeeka (India)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/depeeka_compact.gif?v=1557162664\" alt=\"Deepeeka\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Battle Merchant","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41897203237063,"sku":"WS-1116385302","price":169.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/products\/WS-1116385302_01.jpg?v=1646128581"},{"product_id":"authentic-replica-scutum-42-with-brass-umbo-roman-shield","title":"Authentic replica - Scutum 42\" with brass Umbo (Roman shield)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flussfett\"\u003eAntique Roman legionary shield replica (\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eScutum with brass Umbo\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReconstruction of a typical Shield of the Roman legionaire,\u003cbr\u003emade of wood with a brass edging and fixed brass umbo (boss). The front is covered by hand-painted linen. The back side is reinforced with narrow wooden slats.\u003cbr\u003eThere is a handle for carrying inside the boss. A perfect shield for Roman military reenactment. \u003cbr\u003eThis replica is made from plywood, covered in linen. It is handmade and hand-pained. The shield and boss are not assembled upon delivery. There are 8 screws with end covers included for easy self-assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff2a00;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImportant:\u003c\/strong\u003e Due to incredible costs we can not ship this item to the United States, Canada or somewhere else outside of continental Europe.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" style=\"color: #999999;\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e19 % VAT plus. excl. Shipping costs\u003cbr\u003eNo VAT outside of the EU\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bildfett\"\u003eDetails\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eMaterial: \u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e1 cm plywood, linen, brass\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinish: Handpainted\u003cbr\u003eBoss (Umbo): Polished brass\u003cbr\u003eHandle: Wood\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eHeigth: Approx. 107 cm (42,1\")\u003cbr\u003e Width: Approx. 60 cm (23,6\")\u003cbr\u003eBending radius: Approx. 24 cm (9,45\")\u003cbr\u003e Weight: Approx. 5,2 kg (11,46 lb)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeepeeka (India)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/files\/depeeka_compact.gif?v=1557162664\" alt=\"Deepeeka\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Battle Merchant","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41897393324231,"sku":"WS-1116385301","price":189.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0227\/8748\/9869\/products\/WS-1116385301_01.jpg?v=1646129593"}],"url":"https:\/\/kayserstuhl.com\/collections\/roman-celtic-greek-shields\/shield.oembed","provider":"Kayserstuhl Reenactment Gear","version":"1.0","type":"link"}